Sunnyvale

Sunnyvale’s Demographics

Housing Types in Sunnyvale

Jobs & Housing in Sunnyvale

Jobs: 111,404
Employed Residents per Household:  1.54
Jobs per Employed Resident: 1.23
Jobs-Housing Balance Ratio: 1.89
Source: ACS 2023 5 year estimates

Note: Jobs-Housing Balance is a measurement used by planners that assumes that a balanced community is one where people can both live and work. This ratio compares the number of jobs in a community to the number of housing units.

Jobs-Housing Fit: 10.7 low wage jobs per low-cost rental unit
Source: Jobs from LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics 2022; households from U.S. Census, ACS 2023 5 year estimates B25056, B25061

Note: Jobs-Housing Fit measures the mismatch between wages and housing affordability as the ratio of low-wage jobs (less than $3,333/month) to the number of low-cost rental units (less than $1,500/month). In Sunnyvale, there are more than 10 low-wage workers competing for each affordable home.

Note: Current standards measure housing cost in relation to gross household income: households spending more than 30 percent of their income, including utilities, are generally considered to be overpaying or “cost burdened.” Severe cost burden occurs when households pay 50 percent or more of their gross income for housing. The impact of high housing costs falls disproportionately on extremely low-, very low-, and low-income households, especially renters. While some higher-income households may choose to spend greater portions of their income for housing, the cost burden for lower-income households reflects choices limited by a lack of a sufficient supply of housing affordable to these households.

Homelessness in Sunnyvale

2022 Unhoused people: 385 people, including 279 unsheltered and 106 sheltered (-38% from 2019)

2019 Unhoused people: 624 people, including 477 unsheltered and 147 sheltered (+147% from 2017)
Source: 2019 and 2022 Homeless Point In Time Count

Overcrowding in Sunnyvale

Total Rental Homes: 33,024
Overcrowded Rental Homes: 1,985
Severely Overcrowded Rental Homes: 1,455
Percent of Rental Homes, Overcrowded: 10.41%
Source: ACS 2023 5 year estimates

• The U.S. Census defines an overcrowded unit as one occupied by 1.01 persons or more per room (excluding bathrooms and kitchens). Units with more than 1.5 persons per room are considered severely overcrowded.

Note: Overcrowding increases health and safety concerns and stresses the condition of the housing stock and infrastructure. Overcrowding is strongly related to household size (particularly for large and very-large households) and the availability of suitably sized housing. Overcrowding impacts both owners and renters; however, renters are generally more significantly impacted. 

2023-2031 Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) 

Every eight years, the Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) process is used to assign each city and county in California their “fair share” of the region’s housing need, by income level. These homes are intended to address the housing shortage, meeting the needs of existing residents and accommodating projected growth in the region. 

The RHNA process is critical because state law requires each city and county to make a specific, actionable, and measurable plan, called a Housing Element, that complies with state law and addresses housing needs. It must identify enough sites to hold the RHNA, by income level, and create programs that remove barriers to housing production and protect residents vulnerable to displacement. Local jurisdictions must also take significant steps to affirmatively further fair housing (AFFH), addressing racial and economic segregation and disparities in access to resources, and meeting the unique housing needs of residents in protected groups. The California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) is responsible for certifying Housing Element compliance with state law.

In the past, many cities and counties have fallen far short of their RHNA targets, as the Bay Area’s housing crisis continues to grow. In this planning cycle, new laws give HCD additional tools to provide technical assistance and hold jurisdictions accountable to their plans. Each spring, jurisdictions are required to complete an Annual Progress Report on the Housing Element, including the number of homes permitted by income level, program actions taken, and outcomes achieved. The table below shows Sunnyvale’s target in the sixth cycle and progress to date in permitting new homes.

Permitting progress as of December 2023. Source: HCD 2023 Housing Element Implementation and APR Data Dashboard.

2014-2022 Regional Housing Needs Allocation

The table below shows Sunnyvale’s final progress toward meeting the 2014-2022 RHNA.

Permitting progress as of December 2022. Source: HCD 5th Cycle Housing Element Implementation and APR Data Dashboard.

Current Affordable Housing Stock

SOURCE: Units reported in the Housing Element Annual Performance Report that received building permits through 2023 were added to the unit counts in the previously reported 2018 Base Year table.  This methodology necessarily means that any ELI units, if any, are included in the VLI category since that is how HCD has required production data to be reported.  The RHNA data on new units relies on self-reporting by jurisdiction and can include units for which building permits were issued that never got built.  The percentage of the total housing stock in the community is based the California Department of Finance’s Table E-5.

See more information on our affordable housing assets page.

Jobs & Housing in the Development Pipeline

As of January 2022, Sunnyvale has 7.99 jobs in the development pipeline for every 1 housing unit in the development pipeline.

Pipeline as of January 2022. Information reported from City of Sunnyvale.  The employment projections are derived by applying square-footage-per-employee factors to building floor areas by four building types: 250 square feet for office/R&D; 1,500 feet for hotels; 550 feet for retail/restaurant; and 2,500 feet for manufacturing/warehouse. All are figures applied to a building’s gross square footage.

Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs)

ADUs and Junior Accessory Dwelling Units (JADUs) can be effective options for adding much needed housing in California, gently increasing density by adding more homes to a single lot. All California cities and counties are required to permit ADUs and JADUs according to State law. Since 2016, State ADU laws have evolved to make new development more feasible. The California Department of Housing & Community Development (HCD) provides clarity and consistency on State housing law through education, technical assistance, and enforcement. HCD’s 2025 Accessory Dwelling Unit Handbook provides the most up-to-date guidance on State ADU laws.

Source: HCD 2023 Housing Element Implementation and APR Data Dashboard.

Affordable Housing Policies

Housing Element Policies

The Housing Element of Sunnyvale’s General Plan includes a number of policies and programs to encourage affordable housing development, including:

• A Below Market Rate (BMR) inclusionary program requires that 15% of all new for-sale developments be affordable, though there is an in-lieu fee option available to developers.
• Density bonuses are available for affordable housing projects.
• Several provisions in its Zoning Code to lower the cost of development, including: enabling mixed-use neighborhoods; allowing conversion of industrial lands to residential use; and reduced parking requirements for affordable housing projects.

Inclusionary Housing and Affordable Housing Impact Fees

Sunnyvale has updated its inclusionary housing policy that requires for-sale residential developments with 7 or more units to include 15% percent of the total units be affordable to moderate income households (up to 110% AMI), or pay an in-lieu fee. The total amount of the in-lieu fee equals 7% of the contract sales price or appraised market value,
whichever is higher, of all market-rate units in the project. The ordinance is updated to align with state density bonus regulations and will have various alternative compliance options to allow developers to request certain ways to meet the city’s requirement at the discretion of council and will take effect in August 2021.

Sunnyvale also charges affordable housing impact fees on new residential rental development and Commercial Linkage Fees on non-residential development.

• Rental Residential Development: Sunnyvale Municipal Code Chapter 19.75, Section 19.75.040
• Non-Residential Development: Sunnyvale Municipal Code Chapter 19.75, Section 19.75.030

Additional Resources

• City of Sunnyvale 2023-2031 Housing Element
• City of Sunnyvale Inclusionary Housing Ordinance
• City of Sunnyvale Mobile Home Park Ordinance
• City of Sunnyvale Accessory Dwelling Unit – SMC Chapter 19, Section 19.68.040
• City of Sunnyvale Planning and Building Webpage